Botany help?

Please help me answer the following questions for my project because i don't get a thing!!! I think I know some of the answers, but I;m not sure in them...


1. How would it help a seed get distributed if it is inside a sweet fruit?


2. Where is the seed on a cone?


3. What features of a seed designed to be distributed by the wind make it easier to be blown by the wind?


4. What might be the purpose of a seed that has a hard coating? (would it be to protect it?)


5.Why do burrs have little hooks that stick onto your clothing?


6. Where are the spores located on the fern?


7.Is the bulb actually a root or is it part of the plant's stem?


8. Why is a poppy so colourful?


9. Why is a lilac so fragrant?


10.What would be the advantage of a plant that has a long single tap root?


11. What would be the advantage of a plant that has a branching, spreading root? (like lettuce, tomato)

Botany help?
Question 1. Fleshy fruits are thought to be a feature of dispersal. There can be an attraction to a co-evolved organism. Some fleshy fruits have been adapted for commerce such as the apple (fleshy stem adaptation) or figs for example.





Question 2. The seed in a cone such as that of the pine is located at the base of each scale. In most species the cone will open fully in response to intense heat such as from a fire. The seeds are then distributed onto essentially sterilized soil, or an area where competitive seedlings have been burned away.





Question 3. Wind blown seeds usually have a membranous attachment that allows them to re-mail aloft in a breeze or wind, long enough to be carried away from the source.





Question 4. The hard coat is resistant to a harsh environment. The seed will germinate with the intake of moisture. The chaparral of the Mediterranean climates, such as southern California, will germinate after exposure to heat. Scarification, or penetration of the hard coat with a knife, will initiate germination. Sometimes passing through the intestine of an animal that has consumed the fruit will do the trick.





Question 5. As in question 1, the burr is a feature that has developed for the seed distribution in its habitat.





Question 6. The spores are produced in sporangia in ferns. These are clustered in groups called sori or a soridium.





Question 7. The bulb is a specialized storage organ usually found underground. It can derive from the base of leaves such as in an onion or from the stem.





Question 8. Again, the color of flowers is often an aid in seed dispersal. Colors also attract pollinators.





Question 9. And again, fragrance is associated with pollination and seed dispersal, depending of the plants and its animal partners.





Question 10. The taproot increases the ability of a plant to absorb nutrients from the soil. Soil layers can be of varying depth, each containing a different mix of compounds. The carrot is an example of a tap root species. The pine tree has a very long tap root.





Question 11. Tropical trees tend to have a root system that spreads horizontally to gain contact with a fertile upper of soil characteristic of tropical regions. Some plants like the Sequoia or the creosote bush in the desert are long lived and reproduce by cloning, that is plants that sprout from the near-surface system at a distance from the parent, rather than depending on seeds alone. This system could allow the plant to better with drought or other environmental conditions that are not favorable to seed production. Also the cloned plant is genetically similar to the parent tree, much more so than a plant that develops from a seed.
Reply:1) An animal eats the fruit and then the seeds are left somewhere else in its droppings.





2) Inside the plates. Extreme heat causes them to open up which is why some fires are necessary.





3) Having fins like the Maple seed.





4) Yes a hard coating would be to protect it if it were eaten or had to travel a long way sop it would remain viable.





5) So that animals and birds can pick them up and deposit them somewhere else.





6) Underside of the leaf





7) The stem and the root both come from the bulb so I am not sure.





8) To attract pollinators





9) To attract pollinators





10) Not sure.





11) To be able to get more nutrients from different parts of the soil.
Reply:1. if the fruit is sweet, the animals eat it. when they throw the seed away, it gives rise to new plant.





2,





3.the seed which is blown by the wind has wings as in seeds of samara and double samaa fruots. some times, the seed has a hairy pappus as in asteracea members for their easy dispersal. the seeds are light.





4.if the seed has hard coating, 1. the animals can not eat it and they throw it out.


2, if it is ingested, it doesnot get digested and they are dispersed by animals and birds as in case of neem seeds by birds.





5.the hook like things on the burrs, enable them to attach to our clothes and animal hairs and furs, so that they are carried away to various places and help in dispersal.





6.spores are present on the back of the leaf in ferms.





7.bulb is not a root but a part of its stem.





8. poppy is so colourful to attract insect pollinators.





9. lilacs are fragrant as their fragrance attracts insects.





10.the single long tuberous root anables the plant to grow deep into the soil and helps it in having better fixation and to get good amount of minerals and capillary water.





11. the branching and spreading root helps in increasing the support and absorptio nof capillary water and minerals more efficiently.
Reply:the answers above are pretty good, but i would add that a tap root is useful if a plant grows in desert conditions as it can grow down to a great depth to seek out water; cacti and succulents tend to have tap roots. tap roots also anchor the plant better than a shallow root system in sandy, loose soil.





technically, the bulb is part of the plant's stem although it is hidden underground. if you disect a bulb you'll see it has more similarity to stem than root. it's basically a stem modified to store water and starch.



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